Some of the graves are covered with a stone cairn or a low earthen mound, the very first predecessor of the kurgan[citation needed]. Ket language lacks apparent affiliation with any major language family and is clearly distinct from surrounding Uralic, Turkic, and Tungusic languages. Indo-Europeans: general name for the people speaking an Indo-European language. I had said that religion was a cultural product. In theEuropean Bronze Age, there were again substantial population replacements in parts of Europe by the intrusion ofAncient North Eurasian(ANE) lineages from thePonticCaspian steppes. To read about a revolutionary technique for radiocarbon dating ceramic artifacts fromatalhyk, go to Carbon Dating Pottery, one of ARCHAEOLOGYs Top 10 Discoveries of 2020. [7] Typically the head and hooves of cattle, sheep, and horses are placed in shallow bowls over the human grave, smothered with ochre. With respect toY-DNA, two carried haplogroupG2a2b2a(G-CTS688 and G-PF3330), while one carriedG2a-PF3141andE-CTS10894. 3,700 years ago or so, the oldest of the Hindu Vedas (scriptures), the Rig Veda was composed. Some of it was already present in Russia during the Mesolithic period, but the largest East Asian migration to Europe took place with the arrival of Proto-Uralic people during the Neolithic. The more prosperous houses might have a smallshrineto the household god(s); thelarariumserved this purpose in the case of the Romans. The researchers from the University of Helsinki and other European institutions date the earliest horsemanship to 3000 BC to 2500 BC among members of the Yamnaya culture. 5800 BCE, the crops spread discontinuously across eastern Asia. Yamnaya diets relied less on dairy than their later Indo-European descendants, though they still consumed milk products. Indeed, in the final stage of Mikhailovka the evidence of millet increased, suggesting an increasing presence of C4 plants in the vegetation and/or in the diet. To solve this mystery a multinational team of researchers from world-famous universities, such as the University of Tbingen, the University of Bern, and the Max Planck Institute, collaborated on a project to sequence the genome of a sample of Neolithic individuals. Scenarios in which the European branches moved west and the Asian branch stayed east of the Dnieper, therefore,appear overly simplistic. ref, While Gimbutas was largely correct in assuming that the increase of agriculture is synchronous with the incursion of the Kurgan [] people into Europe, especially in the European branches, we must assume that the onset of this process had already started before the final dissolution of the core Indo-European dialect continuum, on or close to the steppe. That is still how I see it and there are other archaeologists that think close to me as well. Tellingly, these populations also have the lowest percentages of Y-haplogroup N only 3% for the Koreans and 2% for the Japanese, as opposed to 10 to 25% for the Mongols and Buryats, and frequencies between 30% and 90% for most Turkic-speaking Siberians. ref, Ancient Women Found in a Russian Cave Turn Out to Be Closely Related to The Modern Population https://www.sciencealert.com/ancient-women-found-in-a-russian-cave-turn-out-to-be-closely-related-to-the-modern-population, Ancient genomes have revolutionized our understanding of Holocene prehistory and, particularly, the Neolithic transition in western Eurasia. At a frequency of >10%, it is also observed in other Afghan ethnic groups and in some populations in the Caucasus and Iran. The steppe_MLBA gene pool was largely descended from the preceding steppe_EMBA gene pool, with a substantial contribution from Late Neolithic Europeans. The appearance of the Maykop culture in the Northern Caucasus represents a signifi cant marking point at that time. Norimitsu Odachi: Who Could Have Possibly Wielded This Enormous 15th Century Japanese Sword? Most Yeniseian-speaking tribes (Arin, Assan, Baikot, Kott, Pumpokol, Yarin, Yastin) used to live south of the current Ket settlements. Other theories include the Anatolian hypothesis, which posits that PIE spread out from Anatolia with agriculture around 9000 BCE or 11,021 years ago, the Armenian hypothesis, the Paleolithic continuity paradigm, and the indigenous Aryans theory. People on the steppe buried their exalted dead in kurgans; kurgans show up later in the Hungarian Plain than on the steppe, accompanied by the same kinds of artifacts we find in burials on the steppe. Did Ural-Altaic languages originate with haplogroup N in the Manchurian Neolithic? A town in theprovincesmight adopt a deity from within the Roman religious sphere to serve as its guardian, orsyncretizeits own tutelary with such; for instance, a community within thecivitasof theRemiinGauladopted Apollo as its tutelary, and at the capital of the Remi (present-dayRheims), the tutelary wasMarsCamulus.ref, Household deity (a kind of or related to a Tutelary deity), Ahousehold deityis adeityor spirit that protects thehome, looking after the entirehouseholdor certain key members. Herders moving through those valleys brought southwestern Asian crops into China and eastern Asian crops back the other way, says archaeologist Robert Spengler of the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. by Damien AtHope | Dec 31, 2021 | Blog | 0 comments, Groups partially derived from the Ancient North Eurasians, The ANE lineage is defined by association with the MA-1, or Malta boy, remains of 24,000 years ago in central Siberia Malta-Buret culture 24,000-15,000 years ago. Sacred Menstrual cloth? When equated with the Earth or the natural world, such goddesses are sometimes referred to asMother Earthor as theEarth Mother. (Paleo-Hebrew 3,000 years ago and Torah 2,500 years ago), Judaismis anAbrahamic, its roots as an organized religion in theMiddle Eastduring theBronze Age. This is one where males stayed local all their lives and married women from some distance away. And there is zero indication, from artifacts or ancient DNA, that this language had any historical correlation with the Pontic-Caspian steppe. Axiological Atheist,Anti-theist,Anti-religionist,Secular Humanist,Rationalist, Writer, Artist,Jeweler,Poet, autodidact Philosopher, schooled in Psychology, and autodidact Armchair Archaeology/Anthropology/Pre-Historian (Knowledgeable in the range of: 1 million to 5,000/4,000 years ago). Examples of elevated 13C values may indicate that pastoralists foddered animals with cultivated millet as it has been recently discussed for Bronze Age contexts in Kazakhstan. ref, Strikingly, not a single word for millet can be reconstructed for Proto-Indo-European. ANE ancestry is found throughout Europe, with a maximum of about 20% found inBaltic peopleandFinns. Dakiniis the patron of those who seek knowledge.ref. The Yamnaya migration is one of the most straightforward examples we find in the distant human past. The star also seems to be a possible proto-star for Star of Ishtar, Star of Inanna, or Star of Venus. Cory Johnston:https://damienmarieathope.com/2021/04/cory-johnston-mind-of-a-skeptical-leftist/?v=32aec8db952d, The Mind of a Skeptical Leftist (YouTube), Cory Johnston: Mind of a Skeptical Leftist@Skepticallefty, The Mind of a Skeptical Leftist By Cory Johnston: Promoting critical thinking, social justice, and left-wing politics by covering current events and talking to a variety of people. 2andSupplementary Fig. The Yamnaya were a nomadic people who brought livestock with them and used horses to pull wagons that carried all their belongings. In order to bring about awareness, we need to be willing to alter skewed beliefs. They had wattle-and-daub walls, small villages of a few families, no cemeteries, continued using Spondylus shell, ornaments, cultivation of barley, millet, peas, emmer wheat, einkorn wheat, spelt wheat, and common bread wheat. In contrast, East Asia has so far received little attention, despite representing a core region at which the Neolithic transition took place independently ~3 millennia after its onset in the Near East. Domestication of horses for milk is widely accepted to have begun around 3500 BC to 3000 BC, the study said, but the "origins of horseback riding remain elusive.". ANE ancestry developed from a sister lineage ofWest-Eurasianswith significant admixture from earlyEast Asians. ref. , one of the oldest astrological systems still in use, can trace its roots to 19th17th century BCE, . I am sure you are familiar with his legend which states that he was born in a manger surrounded by shepherds, about Ancient DNA Reveals Hitherto Unknown Aspects of Human Evolution, about Successfully Dating a Mummy Just Got Easier. In addition to wheat, oats, peas, and vegetables grown by the early farmers, the researchers found traces of wild tubers and wild millet seeds. 5650-5540 BCE belonged to Y-haplogroup R1b1a1a and mitochondrial haplogroup U5a1d.[9][10]. Animism is needed to begin supernatural thinking. Intriguingly, it is evident that many agricultural meanings that have habitually been reconstructed for Proto-Indo-European are effectively post-Anatolian. Charles Longwrites: The beings referred to in the myth gods, animals, plants are forms of power grasped existentially. These are: ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref, ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref, Formation of the Eurasian steppe belt of stockbreeding cultures, The Eurasian steppe belt is a region peculiar for its nomadic and semi-nomadic stockbreeding cultures. Understanding the Mysterious Kingdom of Shambhala, The Truth Behind the Christ Myth: Ancient Origins of the Often Used Legend Part I, Research Confirms That 20% of the Neanderthal Genome Can Be Found In Modern Humans, The Curious Apparitions of Pagan Goddesses to the German Knights Templar, The origins of human beings according to ancient Sumerian texts, Evidence that Noahs Ark Landed on a Mountain 17 Miles South of Ararat, The Evidence is Cut in Stone: A Compelling Argument for Lost High Technology in Ancient Egypt, Caesars Savage Human Skewers Unearthed In German Fort. The main food of the Yangshao people was, Bayesian modeling applied to a dataset of new and published radiocarbon dates derived from domesticated millet grains suggests that after their initial cultivation in the crescent around the Bohai Sea ca. (2016:10) note a cline of ANE ancestry across the east-west extent of Eurasia. The ancient Bronze-age-steppeYamnayaandAfanasevocultures were found to have a noteworthy ANE component at ~50%.ref, According to Moreno-Mayar et al. The Kets are thought to be the only survivors of an ancient, The population of the Botai culture were connected to the earliest evidence for horse husbandry. The appearance of the Maykop culture in the Northern Caucasus represents a signifi cant marking point at that time. In more recent decades, archaeologists turned dramatically away from migration. Over many centuries, these dialects transformed into the known ancient Indo-European languages. Although Chinese linguists generally includeKraDaiandHmongMien languageswithin Sino-Tibetan, most other linguists have excluded them since the 1940s. Hundreds of these kurgans survive today, breadcrumbs leading us back in time on the trail of the people who brought into Europe the Indo-European languages so many millions of people speak today. A century ago, it was a catch-all explanation for any change in the material record. I have written a book and several peer reviewed journal articles. Leurs auteurs tiennent cet vnement comme formant la base de la diffusion des langues indo-europennes. With respect to Y-DNA haplogroup, three carried G2a2b2a3, two G2a2a1a, one G2a2a1, G2a2a1a3, C1a, I2a1a2a-L161.1, I2a2a1, and I2c, while mtDNA haplogroup, two J1c2, K1a2, T2b and one H, H15a1, H40, J1c5, K1a1b1, K1b1. The Yamnaya culture wassemi-nomadic, with someagriculturepracticed near rivers, and a few fortified sites, the largest of which isMikhaylovka. The Yamnaya culture is significant for its role in the rise of the Indo-European languages. ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref, Mesopotamian Tutelary Deities can be seen as onesrelated to City-States, Historical city-states includedSumeriancities such asUrukandUr;Ancient Egyptiancity-states, such asThebesandMemphis; thePhoeniciancities (such asTyreandSidon); the fivePhilistinecity-states; theBerbercity-states of theGaramantes; the city-states ofancient Greece(thepoleissuch asAthens,Sparta,Thebes, andCorinth); theRoman Republic(which grew from a city-state into a vast empire); theItalian city-statesfrom the Middle Ages to the early modern period, such asFlorence,Siena,Ferrara,Milan(which as they grew in power began to dominate neighboring cities) andGenoaandVenice, which became powerfulthalassocracies; theMayanand other cultures of pre-ColumbianMesoamerica(including cities such asChichen Itza,Tikal,CopnandMonte Albn); thecentral Asiancities along theSilk Road; the city-states of theSwahili coast;Ragusa; states of the medieval Russian lands such asNovgorodandPskov; and many others.ref, TheUruk period(ca. 2016found 100% of Y-DNA N out of 17 samples from the Xueshan culture (Jiangjialiang site) dating from 36002900 BCE, and among those 41% belonged to N1c1-Tat. Modern researchers have been much more cautious, recognizing that, although Vedic mythology is still central, other mythologies must also be taken into account. ref, Another of the most important source mythologies for comparative research is Roman mythology. Abstract Recent studies of early Bronze Age human genomes revealed a massive population expansion by individuals-related to the Yamnaya culture, from the Pontic Caspian steppe into Western and Eastern Eurasia, likely accompanied by the spread of Indo-European languages [1-5]. The people of the Yamnaya culture were a late Copper Age to early Bronze Age archaeological culture in the Pontic Caspian Steppe. For example, the Upper Paleolithic genomes from the Malta and Afontova Gora sites in southern Siberia revealed a genetic profile, often called Ancient North Eurasians (ANE), which is deeply related to Paleolithic/Mesolithic hunter-gatherers in Europe and also substantially contributed to the gene pools of present-day Native Americans, Siberians, Europeans and South Asians. It is reported in modern-day Europeans (7%25%), but not of Europeans before the Bronze Age. This scenario is associated with a proposed primary split betweenSiniticin the east and theTibeto-Burman languages, often assigned to theMajiayao culture(53004000 years BP) in the upper reaches of the Yellow River on the northeast edge of theTibetan plateau. In this sense, cosmogonic myths serve as aphilosophy of life but one expressed and conveyed throughsymbolrather than through systematic reason. Earlier continuity from eneolithic but largely hunter-gatherer Samara culture and influences from the more agricultural DnieperDonets II are apparent. ref, Alternatively, Parpola (2015) relates both the Corded ware culture and the Yamnaya culture to the late Tripolye culture. *paganistAs I conceive it in a simplified way is to believe in spirit-filled life and/or afterlife can be attached to or be expressed in things or objects and these objects can be used by special persons or in special rituals can connect to spirit-filled life and/or afterlife who are guided/supported by a goddess/god or goddesses/gods(you are a hiddenpaganist/Paganism: an approximately 12,000-year-old belief system)And Gobekli Tepe: first human-made templeas well asCatal Huyuk first religious designed cityare both evidence of some kind of early paganism, to me. speakers of Proto-Indo-European. For the steppe component in Indo-Iranians, the Eastern European Corded Ware has been suggested as the mediator of Yamnaya ancestry. And we have to do so using words. Their arrival coincided with profound social. All cultures have creation myths; they are our primary myths, the first stage in what might be called the psychic life of the species.
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