ukraine violated minsk agreement ukraine violated minsk agreement

Separately, the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is set to hold a discussion next week on the implementation of the peace deal. It's an insane goal". At the meeting, it was agreed that elections in the conflict zone would be held in accordance with Minsk II. They must be fulfilled, said Andriy Yermak, chief of staff to the Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky, last week after several hours of talks of the Normandy format diplomatic grouping with Russia, France, and Germany failed to provide a breakthrough. [32][33], Following the talks, it was announced on 12 February 2015 that the parties to the conflict had agreed to a new package of peacemaking measures, the Package of Measures for the Implementation of the Minsk Agreements, which is commonly called Minsk II. Washingtons commitment to Taiwan hasnt been sold to the American public. "[citation needed], Elections for the People's Council of the Donetsk People's Republic and the People's Council of the Luhansk People's Republic were organised and held by the Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics on 11 November 2018. Why then, are diplomats clinging to the deal, and what does it actually entail? Opportunistic firms in Asia and Europe have already begun to relocate investments to the United States. By one estimate from Harvard University, more than 130,000 Ukrainian soldiers have been killed or severely wounded, in addition to the deaths of more than 7,000 Ukrainian civilians. But years on, there has been no full political settlement and deadly fighting between Ukraine and the rebels continues. Following this victory, separatist forces pressed their offensive on the important railway and road junction of Debaltseve in late January. Delivered Thursday. [8] Following that decision, on 22 February 2022, President Putin said that the Minsk agreements "no longer existed", and that Ukraine, not Russia, was to blame for their collapse, accusing Ukraine of genocide in Donbas in his comments[112][113][9] a statement largely seen as baseless and factually wrong by the wider world, academics studying genocide, and the United Nations. As world leaders scramble to find a diplomatic solution over the ongoing Russia-Ukraine tensions, talk has turned to the 2015 Minsk Agreement as a possible way out of the crisis. A pardon and amnesty for people involved in the fighting. To continue the inclusive national dialogue. 6. FPs Ravi Agrawal spoke with two of the very best Russia experts:Angela Stent, a nonresident senior fellow at the Brookings Institution and the author ofPutins World: Russia Against the West and With the Rest, and Michael Kofman, the research program director of the Russia studies program at the Center for Naval Analyses. Reuters, the news and media division of Thomson Reuters, is the worlds largest multimedia news provider, reaching billions of people worldwide every day. To take measures to improve the humanitarian situation in Donbas. Radical Party leader Oleh Lyashko said that the law was "a vote for de facto recognition of the Russian occupation in Donbas". The Minsk Accord envisioned to end the violence and 'committed the government to extensive decentralisation of the Donbass' (Svyatets, 2016: 170). ", "Interview: 'An overdose of freedom is lethal to a state,' says former key Putin adviser", "Lavrov: U.S. could significantly accelerate implementation of Minsk Agreements on Donbas if it wanted", "Sajdik: Russia is party to conflict in Donbas", "The future of Minsk agreements: pressing for implementation or withdrawing? Officials say Moscow is still escalating. A curated selection of our very best long reads. Only FP subscribers can submit questions for FP Live interviews. [85] On 4 November 2016 both DPR and LPR postponed their local elections "until further notice"; head of the DPR Zakharchenko added that "In 2017, we will hold elections under the Minsk agreements, or we will hold them independently. Europe. Stay updated on the topics you care about with email alerts. They were never fully implemented, and fighting continued. Ukrainian forces declared a war on the protesters following Russia's annexation of Crimea. It was attended by Russian president Vladimir Putin, Ukrainian president Petro Poroshenko, German chancellor Angela Merkel, French president Franois Hollande, DPR leader Alexander Zakharchenko, and LPR leader Igor Plotnitsky. What happens when theyre no longer talking? Militants had violated previous arrangements, as well as the entire package of the Minsk Agreements, he said, adding that Ukrainian targets had succumbed to more than 160 shellings and weapons arriving in Ukraine after the ceasefire deadline. 8. For its part, Washington has made a series of policy choices over the last few years that can be summed Show moreup as tough on Beijing, even seeking to contain the rise of the worlds second-biggest economy. Dec 6 (Reuters) - The United States has warned Russia not to invade Ukraine and urged both countries to return to a set of agreements designed to end a separatist war by Russian-speakers in eastern Ukraine. [77] He said that this action was "in accordance with the Minsk agreements". Ukraines economy and infrastructure have been dealt blows that will take decades to recover from. To withdraw illegal armed groups and military equipment as well as fighters and. What did the Minsk Agreement say? The Minsk I was an agreement between Ukraine and separatist forces backed by Russia, where both parties mutually agreed to a ceasefire. Previously, the Minsk agreement, which Merkel signed together with then-French President Franois Hollande, Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko and Russian President Vladimir Putin in. However, conflicts continued within Ukraine while Russian troops were reported to continually cross the border. "At the point where we are, we are not ready for a ceasefire. What does that mean for trade and globalization? [45], Right Sector leader Dmytro Yarosh said that he reserved the right to continue fighting, and that Minsk II was unconstitutional. Explainer: All sides of the conflict, both Russia and Ukraine included, have violated the Minsk agreements. The following measures are to be included in the Ukrainian law "On temporary Order of Local Self-Governance in Particular Districts of Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts": Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Amid rising tensions between Russia and Ukraine in early 2022, Memorandum on fulfilment of the provisions of the Protocol on the results of consultations of the Trilateral Contact Group, OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine, Ukrainian parliamentary election in late October, Parliamentary Assembly of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, People's Council of the Donetsk People's Republic, People's Council of the Luhansk People's Republic, "Ukraine ceasefire agreement signed in Minsk", "Chairperson-in-Office welcomes Minsk agreement, assures President Poroshenko of OSCE support", "OSCE Chief Monitor in Ukraine urges all sides to allow monitors to carry out duties safely", "Ukraine crisis: Leaders agree peace roadmap", "Almost entire 'gray' zone in Donbas liberated by Ukraine without Minsk deal breach adviser", "Putin orders troops into eastern Ukraine on 'peacekeeping duties', "Ukraine conflict: Biden sanctions Russia over 'beginning of invasion', "Dozens dead and airports bombarded after Putin invades Ukraine - live", "Press statement by the Trilateral Contact Group", "Ukraine to 're-examine' strategy for dealing with the rebels | DW | 3 November 2014", "Ukraine deal with pro-Russian rebels at Minsk talks", "Ukrainian peace talks lead to buffer zone deal", "Nato top general says truce 'in name only', "Memorandum of 19 September 2014 outlining the parameters for the implementation of commitments of the Minsk Protocol", Poroshenko vows Kyiv will recapture militants-controlled areas, "Ukraine vote could push the country into chaos", Donetsk Peoples Republic campaign reveals shambolic tendencies, "So-called elections not in line with Minsk Protocol, says OSCE Chair, calling for enhanced efforts and dialogue to implement all commitments", Too early to discuss broader monitoring of Ukraine-Russia border - Lavrov, "Ukraine forces admit loss of Donetsk airport to rebels", "Ukraine suffers considerable losses DPR Defense Ministry", "Ukraine rebel Zakharchenko 'rejects truce talks', "War Is Exploding Anew in Ukraine; Rebels Vow More", "Statement by the Chairmanship on the Trilateral Contact Group consultations in Minsk on 31 January 2015", "EU Stands by Sanctions Against Russia After Ukraine Truce Sealed", "Ukraine crisis: 'Last chance' for peace says Hollande", "Putin Rejects Attempts to Contain Russia After Peace Talks Fail", "German foreign minister: Minsk deal not all we would have wished for", "Ukraine ceasefire deal agreed at Belarus talks", "Breakthrough in Minsk as leaders agree to ceasefire deal on Ukraine", "OSCE Chairperson-in-Office gives full backing to Minsk package", "Ukraine Peace Talks Yield Cease-Fire Deal", "Package of Measures for the Implementation of the Minsk Agreements", "Minsk agreement on Ukraine crisis: text in full", "Ukraine peace deal looks fragile in the extreme", "Minsk II leaves many questions unanswered", "Leaders in Ukraine Talks Announce Cease-Fire Agreement", "Putin tried to delay Ukraine ceasefire deal, EU summit told", "Despite Truce, Shelling Continues in Parts of Ukraine", "U.S. Faults Russia as Combat Spikes in East Ukraine", "Misk-2 bdzie niewany? [61] The law was immediately criticised by Ukrainian politicians, separatist leaders, and the Russian government. [71], In June 2021, U.S. President Joe Biden and Russian President Vladimir Putin "agreed to pursue diplomacy related to the Minsk agreement. The Minsk accords, signed in 2014 and 2015, were ceasefire agreements designed to end fighting in the Donbas region of Ukraine. He said the country would be severed by the "geopolitical gravity" between Russia and the West, describing the Minsk agreements as an act that "legitimized the first division of Ukraine" in a "reconquest", "the first open geopolitical counter-attack by Russia [against the West]". The deal brought an end to the fiercest phase of fighting, but violations of the cease-fire, which is monitored by the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), number in the hundreds of thousands every year, and civilians and Ukrainian troops continue to be killed. Watch the conversation or read the condensed transcript. A Russian offensive violating Minsk I led to the negotiation of the Minsk II Agreement in February 2015, with terms far more negative for Ukraine. [99] Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky said he has "no intention of talking to terrorists". [87] A few days before the 2022 Russian invasion, French president Emmanuel Macron and US Secretary of State Antony Blinken opined that the Minsk agreements were "the way forward" to end the conflict in Donbas. On Thursday, the United Nations Security Council convened a meeting to discuss implementation of the deal. [80] Russian President Vladimir Putin agreed to use his influence to prevent the DPR and LPR from holding early elections. [6][34][35][36] Some of the measures agreed to were an OSCE-observed unconditional ceasefire from 15 February, withdrawal of heavy weapons from the front line, release of prisoners of war, and constitutional reform in Ukraine. Such unrest would only benefit Moscow. The world over, countries are embarking on ambitious projects of industrial policy. Reuters provides business, financial, national and international news to professionals via desktop terminals, the world's media organizations, industry events and directly to consumers. The deal brought an end to the fiercest phase of fighting, but violations of the cease-fire, which is monitored by the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), number in the hundreds of thousands every year, and civilians and Ukrainian troops continue to be killed. Create an FP account to save articles to read later and in the FP mobile app. [78] Zakharchenko said that the elections would "take place 'on the basis of Ukraine's law on temporary self-rule status of individual districts of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions', in so far as they are not at variance with the constitution and laws of the DPR". Russia alone controls the forces occupying parts of eastern Ukraine. What can we glean from the current state of play on the battlefield? Europe [83] On 22 July 2016 these DPR and LPR elections were again postponed to 6 November 2016. "[72], A Normandy Format meeting was planned between Russia, Ukraine, Germany and France in Paris on 26 January 2022. [110] However, he also told journalists that Putin's priority in regulating the situation in Donbas is the implementation of mechanisms adopted under those agreements. Separatists say Ukraine has violated peace deal . Its provisions included prisoner exchanges, deliveries of humanitarian aid and the withdrawal of heavy weapons. Ukraine and the Russia-backed separatists agreed on a 12-point ceasefire deal in September 2014. [50] Shelling and fighting at Debaltseve continued, as DPR leader Alexander Zakharchenko said that the ceasefire did not apply to that area. The No. The Ukrainian military had largely been decimated on the battlefield, said Kurt Volker, who served as a U.S. special envoy to Ukraine during the Trump administration. [29][30], The Franco-German plan, drawn up after talks with Ukrainian president Petro Poroshenko and Russian president Vladimir Putin, was seen as a revival of the Minsk Protocol. [9] Russia then invaded Ukraine on 24 February 2022.[10]. There is now little doubt that Putin failed in his initial goals: Kyiv is still Show morestanding, Ukrainians are determined to keep fighting, and the West has so far stayed resolute in its support of Ukraine. And Foreign Secretary Liz Truss has now claimed Russia has signalled "an end to the Minsk process". Withdrawal of all heavy weapons by both sides, 3. This process has to end at the latest on the fifth day after the pullout (of weapons). Series of agreements to stop the Donbas War. Seven years after the deal was signed, there is little end in sight to the war in Ukraines Donbass region, and Moscows troop buildup has Ukrainian and Western officials deeply alarmed that the conflict may be about to further escalate. And what we know about Chinas infamous eye in the sky. 4. So, nobody wants to give that up, Volker said. Andrii Zagorodniuk, Ukraines former minister of defense, said that he considered statements by Russian officials, urging the United States to pressure Ukraine to implement the Minsk agreement, to be part of a Russian disinformation play. Delivered Thursday. Ukraines economy and infrastructure have been dealt blows that will take decades to recover from. [88] The aim of the Russian intervention in Donbas was to establish pro-Russian governments that, upon reincorporation into Ukraine, would facilitate Russian inference in Ukrainian politics. But its not just the United States. The Minsk Protocol was drawn up by the Trilateral Contact Group on Ukraine, which consisted of representatives from Ukraine, Russia, and the OSCE. [64], Ukrainian defence minister Stepan Poltorak said on 8 June 2015 that over 100 soldiers and at least 50 civilians had been killed since Minsk II came into effect. "[106], In January 2022, Oleksiy Danilov, the secretary of Ukraine's National Security and Defense Council, said that "The fulfillment of the Minsk agreement means the countrys destruction. But beyond the goals of one leader in Moscow, it is also clear that Ukraine has suffered horrors of a historic nature. Russia-backed separatists derided Kyiv's government of consistent breach of 2015 Minsk Agreement, that was struck in the Belarusian capital. To start a dialogue on interim self-government for the Donetsk and Luhansk regions, in accordance with Ukrainian law, and acknowledge their special status by a resolution of parliament. up as tough on Beijing, even seeking to contain the rise of the worlds second-biggest economy. The war lasted for months before . But beyond the goals of one leader in Moscow, it is also clear that Ukraine has suffered horrors of a historic nature. The agreement was extended in November and will expire on March 18 unless an extension is agreed. I think if you look back over the requirements established in the Minsk agreements, three agreements over the course of several months, it is a fair assessment to say that Ukraine has sought to move forward on most if not all of them, while Russia has made good on virtually none of its obligations under Minsk, Blinken said earlier this month. Everybody keeps clinging to the Minsk agreements because at least they say, with Russias signature attached, that they respect Ukraines sovereignty and territorial integrity. Moscow has followed a similar model in Georgia, where it has sent troops to the breakaway regions of South Ossetia and Abkhazia, and recognized their independence. And how might that be impacting the world? read more. We will not play these games, we have lost part of our territories this way it is a trap". The Minsk Protocol was an agreement aimed at ending the conflict in Ukraine's Donbas area. But the inducements encourage U.S. companies to invest only at homenot elsewhere. Watchthe conversation onFP Live, the magazines forum for live journalism, orreada condensed transcript. [66], American Defense Department official Michael Carpenter said on 2 March 2016 that at least 430 Ukrainian soldiers had died since the signing of Minsk II, that Russia maintained "command-and-control links" over the DPR and LPR, and that Russia was "pouring heavy weapons" into the Donbas. Russia views the deal as obliging Ukraine to grant rebel authorities in Donbas comprehensive autonomy and representation in the central government, effectively giving Moscow the power to veto Kyivs foreign policy choices. While all parties to the negotiations agree, in theory at least, that implementation of the Minsk agreement offers the best prospects for peace, the deal is seen as highly problematic, and profound differences in interpretation between Moscow and Kyiv have made it impossible to implement. The EU, the . FPsRavi Agrawalsat down with U.S. Trade RepresentativeKatherine Tai, the Biden administrations top official tasked with mapping out and implementing the White Houses trade policy. [82], On 18 April 2016 the planned (organised by the DPR and LPR) local elections were postponed from 20 April to 24 July 2016. "[94], A dispute emerged over the role of the Russian Federation, with the parties understanding Minsk as an agreement between Ukraine and Russia,[95][96][97][98] but Russian officials claiming the role of mediator, insisted that Ukraine negotiate directly with representatives of the self-proclaimed separatist republics in parts of Donetsk and Luhansk. At the time of the talks, the Ukrainian armed forces in the strategic city of Debaltseve were surrounded by separatist rebels and Russian armed forces who proceeded to seize the town days after the agreement was signed. [53][54] Separatists continued a heavy assault on Debaltseve. The Minsk II deal offers a vehicle for direct talks between Ukraine and Russia and, due to Frances mediating role in the agreement, provides Macron with the opportunity to play the peacemaker on the world stage as he gears up for re-election at home. In practice, not a single point in the deal has been implemented in full. Representatives of Russia, Ukraine, the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) and the leaders of two pro-Russian separatist regions signed a 13-point agreement in February 2015 in Minsk. Minsk I Ukraine and the Russia-backed separatists agreed on a 12-point ceasefire deal in September 2014. It just moves the responsibility from Russia for starting all of that to Ukraine. Provide pardon and amnesty by way of enacting a law that forbids persecution and punishment of persons in relation to events that took place in particular districts of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts of Ukraine. [85] Ukraine denounced these "primaries" as illegal. Any move by Kyiv to devolve power to the breakaway regions at this stage would likely be deeply unpopular and seen as capitulation to Moscow. See here for a complete list of exchanges and delays. [51][52] By 16 February, Minsk II seemed on the verge of collapse. The details of the agreement, signed on 5 September 2014, largely resembled Ukrainian president Petro Poroshenko's 20 June "fifteen-point peace plan". [67] Deputy head of the OSCE mission in Ukraine Alexander Hug said on 25 March 2016 that the OSCE had observed "armed people with Russian insignia" fighting in Donbas from the beginning of the conflict, that they had talked to prisoners who said they were Russian soldiers, and that they had seen "tire tracks, not the vehicles themselves, but the tracks of vehicles crossing the [Russo-Ukrainian] border". 13. [89] The agreements were thus highly favourable to the Russian side, as their implementation would accomplish these goals. Provide release and exchange of all hostages and illegally held persons, based on the principle of "all for all". Blinken added that it was an incomplete step as there were other outstanding issues. This document, signed on 12 February 2015 by representatives from the OSCE, Russia, Ukraine, the DNR and LNR, has been the framework for subsequent attempts to end the war. 51. Immediate release of all hostages and illegally detained persons. [79] As specified in Minsk II, local elections in DPR and LPR-held territories must be observed by the OSCE to be deemed legitimate. [8] Following that decision, on 22 February 2022, Russian President Vladimir Putin declared that the Minsk agreements "no longer existed", and that Ukraine, not Russia, was to blame for their collapse. On Thursday, separatists in the Donbass and the Ukrainian government accused each other of firing across the front line, while Russian-backed separatists shelled a kindergarten in the Ukrainian-controlled village of Stanytsia Luhanska, which was full of children at the time of the attack, and injured at least three adults. After extensive talks in Minsk, Belarus, the agreement was signed on 5 September 2014 by representatives of the Trilateral Contact Group and, without recognition of their status, by the then-leaders of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) and Luhansk People's Republic (LPR). Immediate and full bilateral ceasefire. Ukraine agreed to the deal, as it was over a barrel after months of fierce fighting. [58][59], The parliament of Ukraine approved a law on "special status" for Donbas on 17 March, as specified by Minsk II. And that is exactly what they want to do., Want to read more on this topic or region? Six years after the beginning of the armed conflict in eastern Ukraine and Russia's illegal annexation of the . In short, because there are few other viable options for a path to peace. The meeting was adjourned with no result. The Minsk II agreement, so called because it replaced a prior failed attempt at a peace plan, was hashed out by negotiators from Ukraine, Russia, Germany, and France, and signed on Feb. 12, 2015. Text of the agreements, including English translations, at the United Nations: Scanned original Russian-language source documents, at the OSCE: This page was last edited on 3 March 2023, at 08:11. Withdrawal of heavy weapons by both sides. Only then would Russia return the Russia-Ukraine border to Kyivs control. [23], After heavy fighting, DPR forces captured the symbolically important Donetsk International Airport on 21 January, the last part of the city of Donetsk that had been under Ukrainian control. [80] In order to do this, French President Franois Hollande said that the elections would need to be postponed until 2016, as three months were required to prepare for them. [21], Speaking on 5 December, Russian foreign minister Sergey Lavrov said that the 2 November DPR and LPR elections were "exactly within the range in which they had been negotiated in Minsk", and that the Ukrainian parliament was supposed to pass an amnesty bill for DPR and LPR leaders after the Ukrainian parliamentary election in late October. [84] On 2 October 2016 the DPR and LPR held "primaries" in which voters nominated candidates for the 6 November 2016 elections. Go look at my pinned tweet, there are audio receipts etc. Withdrawal of all foreign armed formations, military equipment and mercenaries. If Putin had hoped to weaken NATO, the very opposite has happened, with Finland and Sweden on the cusp of joining the transatlantic military alliance. Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov, on Friday, said that Ukraine cancelled everything including the Minsk Agreement, which refers to series of deals sought to end the Donbas war fought between armed Russian separatist groups and the Armed Forces of Ukraine, which give special status to small territory especially the right to use the Russian language which is considered as a taboo by the . They do not recognize Russia's claims to Crimea, and have encouraged Russia and Ukraine to resolve the conflict in the country's eastern Donbas region via the Minsk agreements [PDF]. This agreement consisted of a package of measures, including a ceasefire, withdrawal of heavy weapons from the front line, release of prisoners of war, constitutional reform in Ukraine granting self-government to certain areas of Donbas and restoring control of the state border to the Ukrainian government. Russian foreign minister Sergei Lavrov said that the law was a "sharp departure from the Minsk agreements" because it demanded local elections under Ukrainian jurisdiction. To adopt a programme of economic recovery and reconstruction for the Donbas region. French president Franois Hollande and German chancellor Angela Merkel put forth a new peace plan on 7 February. But there may be room for compromise all parties have expressed willingness for dialogue. Define the modalities of a full restoration of social and economic connections, including social transfers, such as payments of pensions and other payments (income and revenue, timely payment of communal bills, restoration of tax payments within the framework of Ukrainian legal field). One potential offramp to the crisis that has been invoked by all parties involved is the Minsk agreement, struck in 2015 in the Belarusian capital. He is defending his country because he feels threatened and rightfully so with the expansion of NATO towards his country. That meeting marked the first in-person gathering of political advisers from the four countries which were involved in the Minsk II accord for more than two years. New Delhi [India], March 3 (ANI): Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov, on Friday, said that Ukraine cancelled everything including the Minsk Agreement, which refers to series of deals sought to end the Donbas war fought between armed Russian separatist groups and the Armed Forces of Ukraine, which give special status to small territory especially the right to use the Russian language which . Following the postponement, German foreign minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier said that if OSCE observers verified that the planned elections to be held in the separatist areas were in accordance with Ukrainian law and Minsk II, the "law on special status" for these areas would come into immediate effect. Delivered Wednesday & Sunday. [5] In late October, DPR prime minister and Minsk Protocol signatory Alexander Zakharchenko said that his forces would retake the territory they had lost to Ukrainian forces during a July 2014 offensive, and that DPR forces would be willing to wage "heavy battles" to do so. Such unrest would only benefit Moscow. [75][76], While the 2015 Ukrainian local elections had been scheduled for 25 October, DPR leader Alexander Zakharchenko issued a decree on 2 July that ordered local DPR elections to be held on 18 October. . [86], Following the fall of Debaltseve in February 2015, about one-third of the Donbas region remained in separatist control. This further undermines Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity, erodes efforts towards a resolution of the conflict, and violates the Minsk Agreements, to which Russia is a party. Ukraine's Recent Drone Strike Reignites Tensions in Donbass. Join FPs Ravi Agrawal for a frank discussion about the Biden administrations China policy and alternatives that it ought to consider. Youre on the list! Ukraine passed a law on "decentralization" as required by the Minsk agreement, but it was not negotiated with the separatists, seen by Kyiv as Moscow's proxies, and was therefore rejected by. Ukraine: The Minsk agreements five years on . In addition, they said that they consider Crimea, which was annexed by Russia in March 2014, to be part of Russia. The agreement includes 13 steps that seek to end the conflict and restore Ukrainian sovereignty over the breakaway regions in Donetsk and Luhansk, while also providing for greater self-governance in the breakaway regions andeventually allowing for greater local decision-making on certain issues. for Ukrainian troops, from actual line of contact; Effective monitoring and verification of ceasefire regime and pullout of heavy weapons by OSCE will be provided from the first day of pullout, using all necessary technical means such as satellites, drones, radio-location systems etc.